By: Melanie C. – Agely

Arthritis is a common health condition prevalent across all ages and demographics, presenting mild to severe symptoms, some of which can result in significant debilitation. Nearly 60 million people in the United States report symptoms and diagnoses of arthritis every year. This statistic is only expected to rise in coming years. Of this population with arthritis, 80% are above age 45, and nearly 50% are over 65. Here, we are exploring the prevalence of arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, in the senior population. Further, we will discuss the causes and treatment options available, including orthopedic joint replacements. We are emphasizing the knees, hips, and shoulders.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the elderly and is a common form of arthritis seen globally. It is caused by the breakdown of cartilage — the tissue that cushions the ends of bones in the joints. Cartilage is made up of collagen and protein substance, and as it deteriorates, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing breakdown at the end of the bone. This “bone on bone” phenomenon does not allow for the smooth bending of the joint. Ultimately, it leads to symptoms of pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the joint. While osteoarthritis may affect any of the joints, some of the most commonly impacted areas include: the knees, hips and shoulders. This is especially true in the elder population. Other commonly affected joints include: the hands, fingers and spinal column.

With a wide array of signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of arthritis can be a timely endeavor. The most common signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis include: joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, loss of mobility and flexibility, inflammation at the source and debilitation.

The most common risk factor of osteoarthritis is age. Hence, the majority of people with osteoarthritis are over the age of 65. According to the Arthritis Foundation, being older than 50 is a major risk factor. Other risk factors include sports-related injuries, obesity, diabetes, family history and heredity, poor posture, menopause, gender (women are more likely to get it), and other joint-related medical conditions.

 

Treatments for Osteoarthritis

As a degenerative condition prevalent especially among the elderly, osteoarthritis, depending on the severity, can make it difficult for people to carry out even the simplest of daily activities. While there is no absolute cure for osteoarthritis currently, several treatment options exist, ranging from holistic and non-invasive modalities to medically invasive options such as surgery. Treatment for osteoarthritis typically focuses on managing pain and improving joint function.

This might include: medication, physical therapy, lifestyle and weight management and in severe cases, surgery. The following is a summarized detail of the most common and effective treatment options for osteoarthritis.

 

Lifestyle Interventions

Whether via exercise, diet, or other measures, lifestyle intervention is an essential component to the improvement of health and the management of weight. Through these lifestyle changes, osteoarthritic symptoms can be improved. More specific examples of lifestyle interventions that help manage arthritic symptoms include: strength training, stretching, balance exercises, diet and stress reduction therapies. Weight loss is one of the most effective treatments as it reduces the stress on joints.

 

Medications

Several over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for patients suffering from osteoarthritis. Examples include generic pain relievers and arthritic-specific topical creams and ointments.

Specific medications include NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), corticosteroids (cortisone, prednisone), and opioids. Opioids must be reserved for rare cases and should be avoided when possible due to the addictive nature of these substances.

 

Surgeries

As the most invasive of treatment options, surgery is typically the last resort for those experiencing severe osteoarthritic symptoms. The replacement of the damaged joint with a prosthesis is now a more common treatment than in the past. Such surgery includes not only the removal of part or all of a bone, but also the replacement of the bone and joint with a plastic or metal joint prosthesis. These are the most popular types of surgeries for arthritic knees, shoulders, and hips. Many patients report excellent results with joint replacement surgery; however, the surgical process and recovery can be extensive. Some other alternative treatment and management options for osteoarthritis include: contrast therapy (hot and cold therapy), massage therapy, and physical therapy. There is also acupuncture, which some find helpful.

 

Final Thoughts

Osteoarthritis is a chronic, degenerative joint disease that greatly affects people as they age, particularly those over 65. With symptoms ranging from mild to severe, several treatment options are available depending on the individual case. While osteoarthritis can be an impediment to one’s daily life, there are ways to manage the condition and improve one’s quality of life.